Dieses Dokument enthält die Details von 304 Männern, Frauen und Kindern, die von Amnesty International als von den iranischen Sicherheitskräften getötet dokumentiert wurden, als sie zwischen dem 15. und 19. November 2019 gegen Massenproteste vorgegangen waren, die im Iran nach der Ankündigung der Regierung über den signifikanten Anstieg über Nacht ausgebrochen waren im Kraftstoffpreis.

https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/MDE1323082020ENGLISH.PDF

This document contains the details of 304 men, women and children documented by Amnesty International as having been killed by Iran’s security forces during their crackdown on mass protests that erupted across Iran between 15 and

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20 May 2020 AI Index number: MDE 13/2308/2020 IRAN:

DETAILS OF 304 DEATHS IN CRACKDOWN ON NOVEMBER 2019 PROTESTS

This document contains the details of 304 men, women and children documented by Amnesty International as having been killed by Iran’s security forces during their crackdown on mass protests that erupted across Iran between 15 and 19 November 2019, following the government’s announcement about the significant overnight rise in the price of fuel.

The organization has found the security forces’ use of lethal force against the vast majority of those killed to be unlawful. In almost all protests that took place between 15 and 19 November, there is no evidence that people were in possession of firearms or that they posed an imminent threat to life that would have warranted the use of lethal force, according to extensive research, including video analysis, conducted by Amnesty International. The organization is aware of two exceptions in one city on 18 November where gunfire was exchanged between a number of protesters and security forces.

Amnesty International has found that more than 220 of the recorded deaths resulted from incidents that took place over just two days on 16 and 17 November.

Six months on from the protests, the devastated families of victims continue their struggle for truth and justice while facing intense harassment and intimidation from the authorities.

Meanwhile,

the authorities persist in their refusal to reveal the truth about the death toll; conduct thorough, independent and impartial criminal investigations; and bring to justice those responsible for ordering and carrying out these killings, which compounds the pain of victims’ relatives. In fact, the authorities have orchestrated a ruthless campaign to intimidate families and prevent them from speaking out, further entrenchiMETHODOLOGY In the context of its ongoing investigation into the deadly repression of protests in November 2019, Amnesty International has researched cases of protesters and bystanders who were killed by security forces.

To date, based on information obtained from credible sources, Amnesty International has recorded 304 deaths resulting from the use of lethal force by security forces. In 127 of those cases, Amnesty International spoke directly to primary sources impacted by the deaths, including relatives, neighbours, friends, acquaintances, and eyewitnesses.

In 127 other cases, it documented the deaths primarily based on information received from human rights activists and journalists based in or outside Iran. In 34 of them, it did so based on information from medical staff working in facilities to which the dead and injured were brought. It documented the remaining 16 cases primarily based on the examination of videos that were broadcast by the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) corporation in relation to the protests of November 2019 and included 2 interviews with the families of those killed. With respect to some of these 16 cases, complementary information concerning the victim’s name, age and circumstances of death were received from independent human rights activists and journalists.

In order to ascertain the credibility of the information received from human rights activists and journalists, Amnesty International interviewed them about their sources of information, which typically included relatives, neighbours, friends, acquaintances and eyewitnesses. Similarly, for cases reported by medical staff, the organization interviewed the source to ascertain their reliability and the degree of their involvement in the system of recording deaths in their particular medical institution or their access to those records.

For each recorded case, Amnesty International conducted internet searches and, where it was able to locate media articles or social media posts on the victim concerned, compared the information available online with the information received directly from primary or secondary sources.

As part of its process of crosschecking and corroboration, Amnesty International also obtained the funeral posters of 116 victims and pictures of the gravestones or grave sites of 82 victims. For 24 of the victims, in addition to obtaining their funeral posters and/or the pictures of their gravestones, Amnesty International was also able to obtain death and/or burial certificates recording the date, place and cause of their death. Death and burial certificates in Iran record the dates of birth and death, as well as the cause of death. The dates of birth and death recorded on the gravestone of the deceased are generally identical to the information recorded in their death and burial certificates. Families are not authorized to bury their loved ones or erect gravestones until a burial certificate has been issued by the Legal Medicine Organization of Iran, a state forensic institute working under the supervision of the judiciary. Pictures of gravesites obtained generally showed the burial ground before the erection of a gravestone over it. In many cases, a memorial poster containing the name and photograph of the deceased was seen laid on the ground and, in some cases, there was a small board on the grave site recording the name of the deceased and their date of death.

Throughout the research process, Amnesty International took strict measures to prevent double counting and updated its entries after new verified information was received. These involved crosschecking the cases of reported deaths according to time, location and other unique identifiers, and eliminating those that could potentially refer to the same person.

With respect to 232 of the 304 deaths, Amnesty International has identified the first and last names of the victim. In the case of seven other deaths, it has identified the victim’s first or last name only.

In the remaining 65 cases, the names of the victims are still unknown to Amnesty International. Over half of these (35) are from the cities of Shahriar or Malard in Tehran province, one of the provinces with the highest death tolls in the country. Of these 35 cases, 34 were reported to Amnesty International by medical staff in one of the main hospitals in the area, which received a large number of dead bodies between 16 and 18 November 2019. The remaining case from Malard was reported by state media without referring to the name of the victim. Twelve are from the city of Kermanshah in Kermanshah province, another area with a high death toll. These 12 cases were reported by a number of activists and a local journalist affiliated with state-media outlets, who had accessed information compiled by local officials on the number of deaths in the city of Kermanshah. The remaining 18 cases are from the following areas: Baharestan, Tehran province (3); Malekshahr, Esfahan province (1); Mahshahr, Khuzestan province (1); Sadra, Fars province (4); Chardangeh, Tehran province (2); Fardis, Alborz province (1); Javanroud, Kermanshah province (1); Robatkarim, Tehran province (3); Sirjan, Kerman province (1); and Shiraz, Fars province (1). Two of these cases were reported by state media without referring to the names of the victims; 11 were reported by reliable local activists involved in community-level research; and the remaining five were identified through interviews with eyewitnesses who said they had seen a certain number of individuals being killed in front of them but did not know the victims by name.

As part of its ongoing investigation into the unlawful use of lethal force during the protests, Amnesty International has also analysed extensive video footage, verified by its Digital Verification Corps, which showed Iranian security forces using firearms against unarmed protesters and bystanders.

In order to trace the development of official narratives denying and distorting the scale, causes and circumstances of the killings, Amnesty International also regularly monitored state-affiliated media outlets in Iran, and analysed statements made by top state officials including the Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei; the president, Hassan Rouhani; the minister of interior, Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli; and the secretary general of the Supreme National Security Council, Ali Shamkhani.

Amnesty International believes that the real number of deaths is higher than the figure of 304 documented. The organization is aware of scores of additional cases that have been reported, but has assessed that it does not yet have sufficient reliable details to include them in its figure. The lack of access to information is due, in large part, to the climate of intense fear created by the authorities, which has resulted in fewer families and other informed individuals being willing to speak out.

Intelligence and security officials in Iran have embarked on a campaign of harassment and intimidation of the families of those killed during the protests to prevent them from talking openly about their deaths. Many families interviewed by Amnesty International have reported being forced to sign undertakings that they would not speak to the media and would observe restrictions on how they commemorate their loved ones in order to be able to receive their bodies. In almost all cases recorded by Amnesty International, security and intelligence officials attended the funeral and memorial ceremonies of the victims apparently to ensure that the restrictions were observed in what constitutes a clear form of intimidation to the families of the victims.

SEX AND AGE OF VICTIMS

Of the 304 individuals on whose deaths Amnesty International has obtained detailed information, 236 were identified as adult men and 10 as adult women. In addition, the organization documented 23 cases of children who were killed; 22 were boys, aged between 12 and 17, and one was a girl reportedly aged between eight and 12.1

The number of children killed is very likely to be higher. Amnesty International has received information from human rights activists about at least four young male victims indicating that they may have been under the age of the 18 at the time of their deaths. 2

In 35 cases, the sex and age of those killed remain unknown to Amnesty International.

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1 For more information on children killed, see Amnesty International, They shot our children’: Killings of minors in Iran’s 2019 November protests, 4 March 2020 (Index number: MDE 13/1894/2020), online: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/1894/2020/en/ 2 Currently, due to lack of sufficient information, these young victims are included in the figure of 236 men, but in the list of victims below, Amnesty International has indicated that they may have been possibly under 18 years of age. The names of these four possible child victims are Mohsen Albouali (No. 169); Reza Neisy (No. 206); Ahmad Sa'di (Jaaveleh) (No. 220); and Ali Hosseini, also known as Ali Hamedani (No. 217).

https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/MDE1323082020ENGLISH.PDF